Sharaxaada
Unugyada maaddooyinka kala duwan waxaa lagu kala saaraa mudnaanta iyo xajmiga xayeysiinta, sidaas darteed sawirka waxaa loo yaqaan "shaandho molecular".
Shaandho molecular (sidoo kale loo yaqaan zeolite synthetic) waa crystal microporous silicate.Waa qaab-dhismeedka aasaasiga ah ee qalfoofka oo ka kooban silikoon aluminate, oo leh biraha birta ah (sida Na +, K +, Ca2 +, iwm.) si loo dheellitiro kharashka xun ee xad-dhaafka ah ee crystal.Nooca shaandhada molecular inta badan waxa loo qaybiyaa nooca A, nooca X iyo nooca Y iyadoo loo eegayo qaabdhismeedkeeda crystal.
| Qaabka kiimikaad ee unugyada zeolite: | Mx/n [(AlO.2) x (SiO.2y] WH.2O. |
| Mx/n:. | Cation ion, ilaalinta kristanta koronto ahaan dhexdhexaad ah |
| (AlO2) x (SiO2) y: | Qalfoofka kiristaalo zeolite, oo leh qaabab kala duwan oo godadka iyo kanaalada |
| H2O: | Uumiga biyaha jidh ahaan isku dhejiyay |
| Astaamaha: | Adsorption iyo desorption dhowr ah ayaa la samayn karaa |
| Nooca A Sieve Molecular | Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee nooca A shaandhada molecular waa silicon aluminate. Daloolka ugu weyn ee crystal waa qaab-dhismeedka octaring. Daloolka daloolka ugu weyn waa 4Å(1Å=10-10m), oo loo yaqaano nooca 4A (sidoo kale loo yaqaano nooca A) shaandho molecular;
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| Nooca X Sieve Molecular | Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee shaandhada molecular X waa aluminate silicon, godka ugu weyn ee crystal waa qaabdhismeedka giraanta laba iyo toban. Ca2 + ayaa lagu beddelay Na + shaandho molecular 13X, samaynta shaandheeyo molecular oo leh dalool 8-9 A, oo loo yaqaan 10X (sidoo kale loo yaqaan calcium X) shaandho molecular.
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Nooca A Sieve Molecular
Nooca X Sieve Molecular
Codsiga
Xayeysiintu waxay ka timaadaa xayeysiis jireed (Vander Waals Force), oo leh polarity xooggan iyo beero Coulomb ah oo ku dhex jira daloolkeeda crystal, oo muujinaya awoodda adsorption ee molecules polar (sida biyaha) iyo molecules aan saturated ahayn.
Qaybinta daloolka shaandhada molecular waa mid isku mid ah, oo kaliya walxaha leh dhexroorka kelli ka yar dhexroorka daloolka ayaa geli kara godka crystal ee gudaha shaandhada molecular.